#Art&Culture

Q1. Which one of the following personalities is traditionally associated with the early Tamil Sangam tradition and the development of Tamil grammar?

(a) Tiruvalluvar

(b) Ilango Adigal

(c) Agastya (Agatthiyar)

(d) Kamban

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

  1. Agastya (Agatthiyar) is traditionally regarded in Tamil literature as being associated with the early Sangam assemblies and Tamil grammatical traditions.
  2. Tiruvalluvar is the author of the Tirukkural.
  3. Ilango Adigal is traditionally credited with authoring the Silappadikaram.
  4. Kamban composed the Ramavataram (Kamba Ramayanam).

Hence, option (c) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273168&reg=3&lang=1



#International Relations

Q2. With reference to the Visegrád Group (V4), consider the following countries:

  1. Czech Republic
  2. Hungary
  3. Austria
  4. Poland
  5. Slovakia
  6. Slovenia

Which of the countries given above are members of the Visegrád Group?

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only

(b) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only

(c) 2, 3, 5 and 6 only

(d) 1, 3, 4 and 6 only

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  1. The Visegrád Group (V4) is a political and cultural alliance of four Central European countries established in 1991 to promote cooperation in areas such as economic integration, security and cultural exchange.
  2. Its members are:
  3. Czech Republic
  4. Hungary
  5. Poland
  6. Slovakia
  7. The group initially consisted of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia became separate members.
  8. Austria and Slovenia are not members of the Visegrád Group.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Read More:

 https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273091&reg=3&lang=1



#International Relations

Q3. Recently, India elevated its bilateral relationship to a "Special Global Strategic Partnership" and jointly inaugurated the Year of Innovation 2026, calling for expanded and diversified cooperation in areas such as artificial intelligence, innovation, research, technology, digital technology and cyberspace, health, culture, economy, educational links and people-to-people ties. This initiative was undertaken with which one of the following countries?

(a) Germany

(b) France

(c) Japan

(d) Australia

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  1. India and France elevated their bilateral ties to a "Special Global Strategic Partnership" during the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to France on 17 February 2026.
  2. The two countries also jointly inaugurated the India-France Year of Innovation 2026 to deepen cooperation in emerging sectors such as artificial intelligence, innovation, research, digital technologies, cybersecurity and healthcare.
  3. India and France already share a long-standing strategic partnership established in 1998, covering areas such as defence, civil nuclear energy, space cooperation and the Indo-Pacific.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2272815&reg=3&lang=1



#Economy

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding India's export sector:

  1. India's merchandise exports have steadily increased every year during the last five years.
  2. India's services exports have generally exhibited an increasing trend and have emerged as a major contributor to India's overall exports.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  1. India's export basket comprises both merchandise exports (physical goods) and services exports (such as IT, business and financial services).

  1. Merchandise exports are influenced by factors such as global demand conditions, commodity prices, geopolitical developments and supply chain disruptions. Consequently, they have not increased steadily every year during the last five years. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct.
  2. India's services exports have demonstrated a broadly upward trend, supported by the strength of sectors such as information technology, business services and digitally delivered services, making them a key driver of India's external sector performance. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273044&reg=3&lang=1



#Science and Tech

Q5.With reference to Bharat Innovates 2026, consider the following statements:

  1. It was inaugurated jointly by the Prime Minister of India and the President of France in Nice, France.
  2. It aims to promote collaboration in deep-tech sectors such as Artificial Intelligence, semiconductors and biotechnology.
  3. It is organised under the aegis of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry for promoting merchandise exports.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

Bharat Innovates 2026 is India's flagship deep-tech innovation initiative aimed at strengthening international cooperation in frontier technologies and promoting innovation-driven partnerships.

  1. The event was jointly inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron in Nice, France. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  2. The initiative focuses on emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), semiconductors, biotechnology, quantum technologies, space technology and advanced manufacturing. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  3. The programme is centred on innovation, research and deep-tech collaboration rather than merchandise export promotion. This is an initiative of the Government of India implemented by the Ministry of Education. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.

Hence, option (a) is correct. 

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273045&reg=3&lang=1



#Polity

Q6. Consider the following pairs:

InitiativeObjective
1. SabhaSaarAI-enabled generation of Gram Sabha proceedings
2. SAMARTH Panchayat PortalStrengthening Own Source Revenue mobilization
3. Meri Panchayat AppCitizen interface for Panchayat information

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

  1. SabhaSaar uses AI for preparing Gram Sabha Minutes of Meetings. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
  2. SAMARTH Panchayat Portal supports revenue assessment and collection by Panchayats. Hence, Pair 2 is correctly matched.
  3. Meri Panchayat App enhances citizen engagement with local governments. Hence, Pair 3 is correctly matched.

Hence, option (d) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273104&reg=3&lang=1



#Science & Tech

Q7. Consider the following statements:

  1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is composed mainly of propane and butane.
  2. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is stored in liquid form under pressure.
  3. Piped Natural Gas (PNG) is supplied directly to consumers through pipeline networks.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a clean fuel consisting mainly of propane and butane and is stored as a liquid under pressure. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  2. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is compressed natural gas that remains in gaseous form, unlike LPG. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
  3. Piped Natural Gas (PNG) is supplied directly through pipelines to households, commercial establishments and industries. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273138&reg=3&lang=1



#Science & Tech

Q8. Consider the following statements regarding India's space sector reforms:

  1. IN-SPACe functions as a single-window agency to facilitate private sector participation in space activities.
  2. NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is the regulatory body responsible for authorizing private space missions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

  1. IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre) was established as an autonomous agency under the Department of Space to promote, authorize and supervise the activities of Non-Government Entities (NGEs) in the Indian space sector. It acts as a single-window mechanism for private participation. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  2. NSIL (NewSpace India Limited) is the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Its primary role is the commercialization of space technologies, launch services, satellites and related products. It is not the regulatory or authorization authority for private space missions. Hence, Statement 2 is not correct.
  3. The authority responsible for authorizing and facilitating private space activities is IN-SPACe, while overall policy direction remains with the Department of Space (DoS) and the Government of India. 

Hence, option (a) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273071&reg=3&lang=1



#Economy

Q9. Consider the following statements:

Statement I: India's urban public transport infrastructure has expanded considerably in recent years.

Statement II: Metro rail networks have expanded from a few cities to several cities across the country.

Statement III: The UDAN scheme was launched to improve regional air connectivity.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I.

(b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I.

(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I.

(d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct.

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

  1. Urban mobility has improved significantly through investments in mass transit systems. Hence, Statement I is correct.
  2. Expansion of metro networks directly contributes to urban public transport infrastructure. Hence, Statement II is correct.
  3. UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) improves regional air connectivity, but it is not an urban public transport system. Hence, Statement III is correct.
  4. Only Statement II explains Statement I. 

Hence, option (b) is correct.

Read More: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2273017&lang=1&reg=3&utm_source=chatgpt.com




#Polity

Q10. With reference to preventive proceedings under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), which of the following are generally associated with such proceedings?

  1. Requirement of security bonds for keeping peace.
  2. Action based on apprehension of breach of peace.
  3. Conviction by a criminal court before proceedings can begin.
  4. Role of Executive Magistrates in certain proceedings.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2 and 4 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

  1. Preventive proceedings often involve execution of security bonds for maintaining peace or good behaviour. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  2. Such proceedings are initiated on the basis of an apprehended breach of peace or disturbance of public order. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  3. A prior conviction is not necessary because the objective is prevention, not punishment. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.
  4. Executive Magistrates play an important role in initiating and supervising such proceedings. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.

Therefore, 1, 2 and 4 only are correct. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Read More: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/peace-with-peace-on-preventive-detentions/article71101201.ece