BIODIVERSITY

Animal Diversity of India

1. Consider the following:

1. Star tortoise

2. Monitor lizard

3. Pygmy hog

4. Spider monkey

Which of the above are naturally found in India?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Star tortoise (Indian Star Tortoise): It is native to dry and scrub forest areas of India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Monitor lizard: India is home to four species of monitor lizards—the Bengal Monitor, Water Monitor, Yellow Monitor, and Desert Monitor.

Pygmy hog: It is a critically endangered species native to India, historically residing in the tall grasslands of the Himalayan foothills , currently found mainly in Assam, including Manas National Park.

Spider monkey: Spider monkeys are New World monkeys native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

2. If you walk through the countryside, you are likely to see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects disturbed by their movement through grasses. Which one of the following is/are such bird/birds?

1. Painted Stork

2. Common Myna

3. Black-necked Crane

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 3 only

Ans. (b)

Exp:

Common Myna: The Common Myna is an opportunistic ground-feeder commonly seen in countryside pastures and grasslands. It frequently walks alongside cattle to snatch grasshoppers, beetles, and other insects.

Painted Stork: The Painted Stork is a large wading bird that primarily feeds on fish, frogs, and small aquatic creatures in wetlands, marshes, and riverbanks.

Black-necked Crane: Black-necked Cranes are specialized high-altitude birds found mainly in alpine wetlands and river valleys (such as in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh).

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

3. What is/are unique about `Kharai camel', a breed found in India?

1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in seawater.

2. It survives by grazing on mangroves.

3. It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (a)

Exp:

The Kharai camel is a special eco-tonal breed capable of swimming up to 3 km in deep seawater to move between mainland pastures and offshore islands. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Primary fodder of the Kharai camel consists of mangroves and saline vegetation species, making it highly dependent on coastal wetland ecosystems. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Kharai camels are domesticated by traditional pastoral communities such as the Maldharis, Jat, and Rabari groups in the Kutch region of Gujarat for milk and income from selling calves. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

4. In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the 'Great Indian Hornbill' in its natural habitat?

(a) Sand deserts of northwest India

(b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir

(d) Western Ghats

Ans. (d)

Exp:

The Great Indian Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) is a large arboreal bird associated with tall, dense evergreen and moist deciduous forests. In India, important populations occur in the Western Ghats and Northeast India. Among the options given, the Western Ghats provide a suitable natural habitat.

However, other options not suitable:

Sand deserts, cold high-altitude alpine zones of Jammu & Kashmir, and saline mudflats of Gujarat—lack the dense canopy cover and large trees essential for its survival.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

5. If you want to see Gharial in their natural habitat, which one of the following is the best place to visit?

(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves

(b) Chambal River

(d) Deepor Beel

Ans. (b)

Exp:

Chambal River: The National Chambal Sanctuary, located along the Chambal River, is one of the most important habitats and conservation strongholds for the critically endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). It supports one of the largest remaining wild populations of gharials in India. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Bhitarkanika Mangroves: Located in Odisha, Bhitarkanika is particularly well known for its Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) population and mangrove ecosystem.

Pulicat Lake: A brackish-water lagoon on the Andhra Pradesh–Tamil Nadu border, it is especially known for its flamingos and other migratory waterbirds.

Deepor Beel: A freshwater Ramsar wetland in Assam, important for resident and migratory waterbirds. It is not a major stronghold of gharials.

Hence, the correct answer is (b) Chambal River.

6. Which of the following are the most likely places to find the musk deer in its natural habitat?

1. Askot Wildlife Sanctuary

2. Gangotri National Park

3. Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary

4. Manas National Park

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1 and 4 only

Ans. (a)

Exp:

The Himalayan Musk Deer is a small, solitary mountain ungulate associated primarily with sub-alpine forests, alpine scrub and alpine meadows of the Himalayas. It occurs at relatively high elevations, although its exact altitudinal range varies across its distribution. The Wildlife Institute of India identifies sub-alpine and alpine habitats as important habitats for musk deer.

Askot Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, it was established specifically in 1986 to conserve the endangered Musk Deer.

Gangotri National Park: Located in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, this high-altitude protected area encompasses alpine meadows and subalpine conifer forests that serve as a natural habitat for Musk Deer.

Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary: It is a low-altitude Terai swamp/forest reserve in Uttar Pradesh suited for Swamp Deer and Tigers, not for high-altitude Musk Deer.

Manas National Park: It is a tropical lowland ecosystem in Assam's foothills known for Pygmy Hogs and Golden Langurs, outside the high-altitude alpine zone of Musk Deer.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

7. Consider the following statements:

1. Asiatic lion is naturally found in India only.

2. Double-humped camel is naturally found in India only.

3. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (a)

Exp:

The Asiatic lion's only remaining natural wild habitat in the world today is restricted to Gujarat, India (Gir Forest region).

The Bactrian (double-humped) camel is naturally native to the deserts of Central Asia (Mongolia/China). In India, small populations of domesticated Bactrian camels exist in the cold deserts of Ladakh (Nubra Valley).

The Great One-horned Rhinoceros is naturally distributed across both India and Nepal, not restricted to India alone.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

8. Which one of the following makes a tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log of wood? [CSE-2023]

(a) Fishing cat

(b) Orangutan

(d) Sloth bear

Ans. (b)

Exp:

Orangutans are highly intelligent great apes known for their sophisticated tool manufacture and usage in the wild. Wild orangutans (particularly Sumatran orangutans) selectively break off tree twigs, strip away leaves and bark, and trim the ends to craft improvised wooden sticks.

Fishing cat: A medium-sized wild cat adapted for aquatic hunting (catching fish, frogs, and crustaceans in wetlands).

Otter: Otters (specifically sea otters) are known to use stones as hammers to crack open hard mollusk shells, but they do not craft sticks to extract insects from tree hollows.

Sloth bear: Sloth bears specialize in eating termites and ants.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

9. Consider the following statements: (UPSC CSE 2023)

Statement-I: Marsupials are not naturally found in India.

Statement-II: Marsupials can thrive only in montane grasslands with no predators.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I is

(d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Ans. (c)

Exp:

Marsupials (pouched mammals such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats, and opossums) are naturally found primarily in Australasia (Australia, New Guinea, and surrounding islands) and the Americas. Marsupials are not naturally found in India.

Marsupials are incredibly adaptable and thrive across a vast range of environments, including tropical rainforests, arid deserts, temperate woodlands, scrublands, and urban areas—not just montane grasslands.

They coexist with numerous natural predators (such as dingoes, birds of prey, quolls, snakes, and Tasmanian devils).

Hence, Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

10. Which of the following is not a bird? (UPSC CSE 2022)

(a) Golden Mahseer

(b) Indian Nightjar

d) White Ibis

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora): It is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the carp family (Cyprinidae). Native to the fast-flowing streams and rivers of the Himalayan region, it is often nicknamed the "tiger of Indian rivers" due to its large size and strength as a game fish. IUCN Red List: Endangered

However, Indian Nightjar, Spoonbill and White Ibis are the birds.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

11. The organisms “Cicada, Froghopper and Pond skater are: [UPSC CSE-2024]

(a) Birds

(b) Fish

(d) Reptiles

Ans. (c)

Exp:

Cicadas are true bugs known for their loud mating calls.

Froghoppers (spittlebugs) are small insects capable of jumping immense distances relative to their size.

Pond skaters (water striders) are insects that walk on water using surface tension.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

12. Consider the following statements: [UPSC CSE - 2024]

1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season.

2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar.

3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Lions do not have a specific or strict annual breeding season. Female lions are non-seasonal polyestrous, meaning they can come into heat and breed at any time throughout the year. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Cheetahs do not roar. Unlike members of the genus Panthera (lions, tigers, jaguars, and leopards) which have a specialized flexible hyoid bone enabling them to roar, cheetahs belong to the genus Acinonyx and vocalize using purrs, chirps, growls, and hisses. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Male leopards extensively use scent marking (spray-marking urine on trees and shrubs, as well as leaving claw marks) alongside roaring to establish and proclaim their territories. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

13. Which of the following organisms perform waggle dance for others of their kin to indicate the direction and the distance to a source of their food? [CSE-2023]

(a) Butterflies

(b) Dragonflies

(d) Wasps

Ans. (c)

Exp:

The waggle dance is a famous symbolic communication system used by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) inside the hive to recruit nestmates to rich food sources (such as nectar and pollen), water, or potential nest sites.

Butterflies: They are mostly solitary organisms that do not live in colonies or share food with nestmates.

Dragonflies: Like butterflies, dragonflies are solitary predators.

Wasps: While some wasps are social insects (like yellowjackets and paper wasps), they do not use a geometric "waggle dance" to encode angles and distances.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

14. Which one of the following is a filter feeder? [CSE-2021]

(a) Catfish

(b) Octopus

(d) Pelican

Ans. (c)

Exp:

Oysters are bivalve mollusks that feed by pumping water through their gills to trap suspended microscopic algae, plankton, and organic particles—making them classic filter feeders.

Catfish are generally bottom-dwelling scavengers or predators.

Octopuses are active, carnivorous predators that hunt crabs, fish, and other mollusks.

Pelicans are scoop feeders (pouch-feeders) that plunge or dip into water to catch small fish.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

15. With reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements: [CSE-2020]

1. The leader of an elephant group is a female.

2. The maximum gestation period can be 22 months.

3. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only.

4. Among the States in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 4 only

(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Elephant herds follow a matriarchal structure. The group is led by the oldest and largest female. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Elephants have the longest gestation period of all land mammals, lasting up to 22 months (approx. 660–680 days). Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Female elephants can usually give birth (calving) until around 50–60 years of age, not just up to 40 years. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

Karnataka ranks first and Assam second, Tamil Nadu has overtaken Kerala for the third position. Hence, statement 4 is not correct.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

16. With reference to India's biodiversity, Ceylon frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet, Gray-chimed minivet and White throated redstart are: [CSE-2020]

(a) Birds

(b) Primates

(d) Amphibians

Ans. (a)

Exp:

All four species listed above are species of birds found in South Asia and India:

Ceylon frogmouth: A nocturnal avian species found in the Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka, known for its camouflage and wide frog-like gape.

Coppersmith barbet: A small, brightly colored bird known for its distinct, metallic "tuk-tuk" call resembling a copper-smith hammering metal.

Grey-chinned minivet: A colorful passerine bird found in the forests of the Himalayas and Southeast Asia.

White-throated redstart: A small insectivorous songbird inhabiting mountain regions and scrubby habitats across the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

17. Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous? [CSE-2020]

(a) Kanha National Park

(b) Manas National Park

(d) Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Indian swamp deer (Barasingha): This specific subspecies of the Indian swamp deer adapted to live on the hard open grasslands (maidans) of Central India rather than soft swamps. It is exclusively graminivorous (grass-eating).

Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh is famous for successfully saving this hard-ground Barasingha from the brink of extinction through dedicated conservation initiatives.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

18. Consider the following:

1. Butterflies

2. Fish

3. Frogs

How many of the above have poisonous species among them? [CSE - 2024]

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(d) None

Ans. (c)

Exp:

Several species of butterflies are poisonous (toxic to predators when ingested). For instance, the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) feeds on milkweed plants during its caterpillar stage.

Numerous fish species are poisonous when ingested or secreted. The Pufferfish (Blowfish) is one of the most famous examples, containing lethal amounts of tetrodotoxin in its liver, ovaries, and skin.

Poisonous frogs are widely known, most famously the Poison Dart Frogs (family Dendrobatidae) native to Central and South America. Their skin secretes extremely lethal lipophilic alkaloid toxins (such as batrachotoxin) derived from their wild diet.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

19. Consider the following pairs:

Country	:	Animal found in its natural habitat
1. Brazil	:	Indri
2. Indonesia	:	Elk
3. Madagascar	:	Bonobo

How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched? [CSE - 2024]

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(d) None

Ans. (d)

Exp:

Indri is the largest living lemur. Lemurs are endemic exclusively to Madagascar (not Brazil), living in its eastern lowland and montane rainforests. Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched.

Elk (also known as Wapiti) are native to North America and Central/East Asia (such as Siberia, Mongolia, and China). They inhabit mountain forests, prairies, and open woodlands, not tropical island nations like Indonesia. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.

Bonobo is an endangered great ape found exclusively in the central rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in Central Africa, not in Madagascar. Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

20. Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has coevolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree? [CSE - 2024]

(a) Fig

(b) Mahua

(d) Silk cotton

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Fig trees (Ficus species) have a highly specialised pollination relationship with fig wasps. In many fig species, a particular fig-wasp species is the primary or exclusive pollinator of that fig species.

The female fig wasp enters the fig's enclosed inflorescence, known as a syconium, and pollinates the tiny flowers while laying eggs in some of them.

The wasp's offspring develop within the fig, while the fig benefits from pollination and reproduction. This represents a remarkable example of coevolution and obligate mutualism.

Therefore, Fig is the correct answer.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

21. Consider the following

1. Carabid beetles

2. Centipedes

3. Flies

4. Termites

5. Wasps

Parasitoid species are found in how many of the above kind of organisms? [CSE-2024]

(a) Only two

(b) Only three

(d) All five

Ans. (b)

Exp:

A parasitoid is an organism whose larvae develop on or inside a host organism, eventually killing the host in the process.

Carabid beetles (Yes): several species/genera (such as Pelecium, Lebia, and Epomis) contain larval parasitoids that target other insects or amphibians.

Centipedes (No): Centipedes are active, predatory arthropods that hunt, kill, and consume their prey directly; none act as parasitoids.

Flies (Yes): Order Diptera includes many parasitoid families, most notably Tachinid flies, which lay eggs on or inside caterpillars, beetles, and other arthropods.

Termites (No): Termites are eusocial, plant-material-eating (xylophagous/detritivorous) insects. They do not have any parasitoid species.

Wasps (Yes): Order Hymenoptera contains the largest and most well-known group of parasitoids.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

22. With reference to 'Black Tigers', which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. They are also referred to as Melanistic Tigers.

2. In India they are found only in Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha.

Select the answer using the code given below. CAPF (ACs) 2024

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans. (c)

Exp:

Black tigers are not a separate subspecies but rather Bengal tigers exhibiting a rare genetic mutation called melanism. This condition causes an excessive deposition of melanin, the dark pigment responsible for coloration in animals. Hence, they are also referred to as Melanistic Tigers. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

In India (and in the world), wild melanistic tigers are found exclusively in the Similipal Tiger Reserve (STR) located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

23. Which organisation publishes worldwide list of endangered species? CDS Examination (I), 2024

(a) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

(b) The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)

(d) The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Ans. (a)

Exp:

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains and publishes the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which was established in 1964. It is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant, animal, and fungus species.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

24. Invasive Species Specialist Group' (that develops Global Invasive Species Database) belongs to which one of the following organizations? [CSE-2023]

(a) The International Union for Conservation of Nature

(b) The United Nations Environment Programme

(d) The World Wide Fund for Nature

Ans. (a)

Exp:

Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG): The ISSG is a global network of scientific and policy experts on invasive species. It functions under the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

25. Cheetahs, brought from Namibia, were introduced in India to which one of the following National Parks? CDS Exam (I) 2023

(a) Kaziranga National Park

(b) Keoladeo Ghana National Park

(d) Kuno National Park

Ans. (d)

Exp:

On September 17, 2022, eight wild African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) brought from Namibia were released into Kuno National Park as part of Project Cheetah. Kuno National Park is located in the Sheopur and Morena districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Kaziranga National Park (Assam) is famous for the Great One-horned Rhinoceros.

Keoladeo Ghana National Park (Rajasthan) is a famous bird sanctuary and Ramsar Site.

Keibul Lamjao National Park (Manipur) is the world's only floating national park, famous for the Sangai deer.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

26. Cheetahs were recently re-introduced to India from Africa. From which language is the name 'Cheetah' derived? CDS Exam (II) 2023

(a) Swahili

(b) Afrikaans

(d) Sanskrit

Ans. (d)

Exp:

The word cheetah entered the English language from Hindi -Chītā, which in turn derives from the ancient Sanskrit word- Chitraka.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

27. A new species of pit-viper was discovered in 2019 and named after the State in which it was found. Identify the State from among the following: CDS Exam (II) 2023

(a) Kerala

(b) Arunachal Pradesh

(d) Assam

Ans. (b)

Exp:

The new species was named Trimeresurus arunachalensis (commonly known as the Arunachal pit viper). It was discovered in 2019 during biodiversity surveys at Ramda village in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

28. Which one of the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) talks about protecting and restoring terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managing forests, combating desertification, halting and reversing land degradation and stopping biodiversity loss? CAPF-Exam-2026

(a) SDG 5

(b) SDG 13

(d) SDG 16

Ans. (c)

Exp:

SDG 15: Life on Land –"Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss."

SDG 5- Gender Equality

SDG 13- Climate Action

SDG 16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

29. Consider the following statements about Ramsar Wetland sites in India:

1. Gahirmatha is the habitat of Olive Ridley Turtles.

2. Chilka lake is the habitat of Irrawaddy Dolphin as its flagship species.

3. Nalsarovar Wetland is also a habitat for Indian Wild Ass (Khur).

4. Tso Moriri Wetland is a habitat and breeding ground for Black-necked Crane.

Which of the statements given above are correct? CAPF (AC) 2023

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (d)

Exp:

Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary (Odisha) is world-famous as the largest nesting beach (rookery) for Olive Ridley Turtles. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Chilika Lake (Odisha) is the primary habitat for the endangered Irrawaddy Dolphin, which serves as the flagship species representing the health of the lagoon's ecosystem. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Nalsarovar Wetland (Gujarat) is the largest natural freshwater wetland in the Thar desert region. Apart from hosting vast populations of migratory waterfowl, it also serves as a key habitat for the satellite population of the endangered Indian Wild Ass (Khur). Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Tso Moriri Wetland in Ladakh is a high-altitude brackish lake that serves as one of the few prominent breeding grounds in India for the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) alongside the Bar-headed Goose. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

30. Consider the following statements: [CSE-2019]

1. Some species of turtles are herbivores.

2. Some species of fish are herbivores.

3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores.

4. Some species of snakes are viviparous.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (d)

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is primarily herbivorous in its adult stage, feeding mainly on seagrasses and algae. Its diet changes during development, with juveniles being more omnivorous.

Statement 2 is correct: Several fish species are herbivorous and feed mainly on algae or aquatic vegetation. Examples include parrotfish, surgeonfish and rabbitfish.

Statement 3 is correct: Dugongs and manatees, belonging to the order Sirenia, are herbivorous aquatic/marine mammals that feed mainly on seagrasses and other aquatic vegetation.

Statement 4 is correct: Although many snakes are oviparous, some snake species give birth to live young. Examples include boa constrictors, green anacondas and several vipers. However, reproductive modes among snakes include both true viviparity and ovoviviparity, so the broader statement that "some species of snakes are viviparous" is correct.

Hence, all four statements are correct and the correct answer is (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4.

31. Hangul-deer is found in which part of India? UPPSC Prelims 2023

(a) In Kerala

(b) In Assam

(d) In Jammu and Kashmir

Ans. (d)

Exp:

Hangul-deer’s last viable population survives in Dachigam National Park near Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir. It is the official state animal of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Conservation Status:

IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I

Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.